- Industrie: Weather
- Number of terms: 60695
- Number of blossaries: 0
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
Relates tornado intensity indirectly to structural and/or vegetative damage. The estimated wind speed is calculated using the following formula: V = 6. 30 (F+2)1. 5 m s−1. A six-point scale has been developed that corresponds to the following wind-speed estimates:
F0 (light damage): 18–32 m s−1
F1 (moderate damage): 33–49 m s−1
F2 (considerable damage): 50–69 m s−1
F3 (severe damage): 70–92 m s−1
F4 (devastating damage): 93–116 m s−1
F5 (incredible damage):117–142 m s−1. Although extremely dependent on the design of a structure and the tree type, the following visual characteristics of the damage have been assigned to the F-scale. F0 - Some damage to chimneys; branches broken; shallow-rooted trees knocked over. F1 - Surface of roofs peeled off; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off road. F2 - Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted. F3 - Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off ground and thrown. F4 - Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off; large missiles generated. F5 - Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances; automobile- sized missiles flying through the air for distances in excess of 100 m; trees debarked.
Industry:Weather
Relates tornado intensity indirectly to structural and/or vegetative damage. The estimated wind speed is calculated using the following formula: V = 6. 30 (F+2)1. 5 m s−1. A six-point scale has been developed that corresponds to the following wind-speed estimates:
F0 (light damage): 18–32 m s−1
F1 (moderate damage): 33–49 m s−1
F2 (considerable damage): 50–69 m s−1
F3 (severe damage): 70–92 m s−1
F4 (devastating damage): 93–116 m s−1
F5 (incredible damage):117–142 m s−1. Although extremely dependent on the design of a structure and the tree type, the following visual characteristics of the damage have been assigned to the F-scale. F0 - Some damage to chimneys; branches broken; shallow-rooted trees knocked over. F1 - Surface of roofs peeled off; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off road. F2 - Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted. F3 - Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off ground and thrown. F4 - Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off; large missiles generated. F5 - Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distances; automobile- sized missiles flying through the air for distances in excess of 100 m; trees debarked.
Industry:Weather
A mathematical procedure for predicting the changing magnitude, speed, and shape of a flood wave as a function of time at one or more points along a waterway or channel.
Industry:Weather
Ordinarily, the ratio of two independent estimates of a common variance. It is used as a significance test in analysis of variance and is known in this regard as the F- test.
Industry:Weather
Extracting groundwater at a rate that exceeds its recharge, so that there is a net loss of groundwater.
Industry:Weather
The frequency of a moving charged particle or ion in a magnetic field. The trajectory of a charged particle acted on solely by a magnetic force is a helix with its axis parallel to the magnetic induction. In any plane perpendicular to the magnetic induction the particle describes a circular orbit with gyro-frequency qB/m, where q is charge, m is mass, and B is the magnitude of magnetic induction.
Industry:Weather
Ordinarily, the ratio of two independent estimates of a common variance. It is used as a significance test in analysis of variance and is known in this regard as the F- test.
Industry:Weather
The upper portion of the exosphere, where the cone of escape equals or exceeds 180°. In this region the individual atoms have so little chance of collision that they essentially travel in free orbits, subject to the earth's gravitation, at speeds imparted by the last collision. See critical level of escape.
Industry:Weather
That warmest part of a slope above a valley floor lying between the layer of cold air that forms over the valley floor on calm, clear nights and the cold hilltops or plateaus. The air flowing down the slopes is warmed by mixing with the air above ground level and to some extent also by adiabatic compression. The frostless zone is not a fixed belt but varies in level from night to night and season to season according to the initial temperature, the length of the night, and the clearness of the sky. Its lower limit is sometimes clearly marked by the upper limit of frost damage to crops, following the hillsides at a small angle to the horizontal. See thermal belt.
Industry:Weather
A body of clear ice in frozen ground. Ice of this nature is most commonly found in more or less permanently frozen ground (permafrost) and may be of sufficient age to be termed fossil ice. Compare frost mound, icing.
Industry:Weather
